Segala sesuatu yang akan
dikerjakan oleh setiap orang pasti ada tujuannya, termasuk dalam proses
pembelajaran. Dan tujuan pembelajaran sebagaimana tersebut telah dijelaskan
pada bab sebelumnya. Namun dalam melaksanakan peroses pembelajaran untuk
mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan, tidak hanya sekedar melaksanakan sesuai
kehendak hati tanpa melihat aspek-aspek yang lain.
Jadi, seorang guru perlu
megetahui dan meiliki prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran sehingga guru dapat menyusun
perencanaan proses pembelajaran dengan baik, bahkan mampu
mengimplementasikannya ketika proses pembelajaran berlangsung.
Menurut Omar Muhammad Al-Thoumy Al-Saibany,
prinsip-prinsip metodologi pendidikan islam adalah sebagai berikut:
1) Mengetahui motivasi, kebutuhan,
dan minat anak didiknya.
2) Mengetahui tujuan pendidikan yang
telah ditetapkan.
3) Mengetahui tahap kematangan,
perkembangan, dan perubahan anak didik.
4) Mengetahui perbedaan-perbedaan
individu dalam anak didik.
5) Memperhatikan kepahaman, dan
mengetahui hubungan-hubungan, integrasi pengalaman dan kelanjutannya, keaslian,
pembaharuan, dan kebebasan berfkir.
6) Menjadikan proses pendidikan
sebagai pengalaman yang menggembirakan bagi anak didik.
7) “Menegakkan
uswah hasanah.
Dalam
Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 Tahun 2007
telah dijelaskan tentang prinsip-prinsip penyusunan rencana proses
pembelajaran, yaitu:
1. Memperhatikan perbedaan individu
peserta didik
RPP disusun
dengan memperhatikan perbedaan jenis kelamin, kemampuan awal, tingkat
intelektual, minat, motivasi belajar, bakat, potensi, kemampuan sosial, emosi,
gaya belajar, kebutuhan khusus, kecepatan belajar, latar belakang budaya,
norma, nilai, dan/atau lingkungan peserta didik.
2. Mendorong partisipasi aktif peserta didik
Proses
pembelajaran dirancang dengan berpusat pada peserta didik untuk mendorong
motivasi, minat, kreativitas, inisiatif, inspirasi, kemandirian, dan semangat
belajar.
3. Mengembangkan budaya membaca dan
menulis
Proses pembelajaran dirancang untuk mengembangkan
kegemaran membaca, pemahaman beragam bacaan, dan berekspresi dalam berbagai
bentuk tulisan
4. Memberikan umpan balik dan tindak
lanjut
RPP memuat
rancangan program pemberian umpan balik positif, penguatan, pengayaan, dan
remedi.
5. Keterkaitan dan keterpaduan
RPP disusun
dengan memperhatikan keterkaitan dan keterpaduan antara SK, KD, materi
pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran, indikator pencapaian kompetensi,
penilaian, dan sumber belajar dalam satu keutuhan pengalaman belajar. RPP
disusun dengan mengakomodasikan pembelajaran tematik, keterpaduan lintas mata
pelajaran, lintas aspek belajar, dan keragaman budaya.
6. Menerapkan teknologi informasi
dan komunikasi
RPP disusun
dengan mempertimbangkan penerapan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi secara
terintegrasi, sistematis, dan efektif sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi.
Dengan
demikian, prinsip dalam proses pembelajaran sangat penting bagi seorang guru
dalam perencanaan dan proses pembelajaran agar pembelajaran menjadi terkontrol
dengan baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan dengan memandang
dari segi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik peserta didik serta lingkungan.
DAFTAR RUJUKAN
Arif Armai,
2002, Pengantar Ilmu dan Metodologi Pendidikan
Islam, Jakarta: CIPUTAT PRES.
Sutiah, 2009, Permen 8 Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Kota Batu.
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