Thursday, May 24, 2012

PRINSIP-PRINSIP DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PAI

Informasi Halaman :
Author : Syarif Hidayatullah, Staf Pengajar PAI di SMK Umar Mas'ud Sangkapura.
Judul Artikel : PRINSIP-PRINSIP DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PAI
URL : http://ibnsyam.blogspot.com/2012/05/prinsip-prinsip-dalam-proses.html
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Segala sesuatu yang akan dikerjakan oleh setiap orang pasti ada tujuannya, termasuk dalam proses pembelajaran. Dan tujuan pembelajaran sebagaimana tersebut telah dijelaskan pada bab sebelumnya. Namun dalam melaksanakan peroses pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan, tidak hanya sekedar melaksanakan sesuai kehendak hati tanpa melihat aspek-aspek yang lain.
 
Jadi, seorang guru perlu megetahui dan meiliki prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran sehingga guru dapat menyusun perencanaan proses pembelajaran dengan baik, bahkan mampu mengimplementasikannya ketika proses pembelajaran berlangsung.
 
Menurut Omar Muhammad Al-Thoumy Al-Saibany, prinsip-prinsip metodologi pendidikan islam adalah sebagai berikut:
1)   Mengetahui motivasi, kebutuhan, dan minat anak didiknya.
2)   Mengetahui tujuan pendidikan yang telah ditetapkan.
3)   Mengetahui tahap kematangan, perkembangan, dan perubahan anak didik.
4)   Mengetahui perbedaan-perbedaan individu dalam anak didik.
5) Memperhatikan kepahaman, dan mengetahui hubungan-hubungan, integrasi pengalaman dan kelanjutannya, keaslian, pembaharuan, dan kebebasan berfkir.
6)   Menjadikan proses pendidikan sebagai pengalaman yang menggembirakan bagi anak didik.
7)  “Menegakkan uswah hasanah. 

Dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 Tahun 2007 telah dijelaskan tentang prinsip-prinsip penyusunan rencana proses pembelajaran, yaitu:
1.   Memperhatikan perbedaan individu peserta didik
RPP disusun dengan memperhatikan perbedaan jenis kelamin, kemampuan awal, tingkat intelektual, minat, motivasi belajar, bakat, potensi, kemampuan sosial, emosi, gaya belajar, kebutuhan khusus, kecepatan belajar, latar belakang budaya, norma, nilai, dan/atau lingkungan peserta didik.
2.   Mendorong partisipasi aktif peserta didik
Proses pembelajaran dirancang dengan berpusat pada peserta didik untuk mendorong motivasi, minat, kreativitas, inisiatif, inspirasi, kemandirian, dan semangat belajar.
3.   Mengembangkan budaya membaca dan menulis
Proses pembelajaran dirancang untuk mengembangkan kegemaran membaca, pemahaman beragam bacaan, dan berekspresi dalam berbagai bentuk tulisan
4.   Memberikan umpan balik dan tindak lanjut
RPP memuat rancangan program pemberian umpan balik positif, penguatan, pengayaan, dan remedi.
5.   Keterkaitan dan keterpaduan
RPP disusun dengan memperhatikan keterkaitan dan keterpaduan antara SK, KD, materi pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran, indikator pencapaian kompetensi, penilaian, dan sumber belajar dalam satu keutuhan pengalaman belajar. RPP disusun dengan mengakomodasikan pembelajaran tematik, keterpaduan lintas mata pelajaran, lintas aspek belajar, dan keragaman budaya.
6.   Menerapkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi
RPP disusun dengan mempertimbangkan penerapan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi secara terintegrasi, sistematis, dan efektif sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi.

Dengan demikian, prinsip dalam proses pembelajaran sangat penting bagi seorang guru dalam perencanaan dan proses pembelajaran agar pembelajaran menjadi terkontrol dengan baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan dengan memandang dari segi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik peserta didik serta lingkungan.

 
DAFTAR RUJUKAN
Arif Armai, 2002, Pengantar Ilmu dan Metodologi Pendidikan Islam, Jakarta: CIPUTAT PRES.
Sutiah, 2009, Permen 8 Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Kota Batu.
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